Claims · Insurance Term
Adjuster
Definition
An adjuster is the person who investigates an insurance claim, inspects the damage, reviews the policy and recommends or decides what the insurer will pay. Most adjusters work for or are hired by the insurer; a public adjuster works for the policyholder.
In Plain English
After you report a claim, the insurer assigns an adjuster. A staff adjuster is an employee of the insurer. An independent adjuster is a contractor hired by the insurer, often brought in after large storms when claim volume spikes. Either way, they represent the insurer's interest in paying what the policy owes.
The adjuster typically inspects the property, writes a scope of loss and estimate, asks for documents, and explains what the policy covers. For large commercial losses, adjusters may bring in engineers, building consultants or a forensic accountant for business income.
A public adjuster is a licensed professional the owner can hire to prepare and negotiate the claim, usually for a percentage of the recovery. Some owners use one on large or complex losses; others rely on their agent, contractor and attorney.
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Example
Hypothetical: after a windstorm damages a warehouse roof, the insurer sends an independent adjuster within a week. The adjuster photographs the roof, brings in an engineer to separate storm damage from old wear, and sends a written estimate with a list of documents needed to close the claim.
Why It Matters for Texas Property Owners
Texas generally requires adjusters, including public adjusters, to be licensed through the Texas Department of Insurance, with limited exceptions. Texas prompt payment law also sets deadlines for insurers to acknowledge, investigate and decide claims, which shapes the adjuster's timeline.
What to Watch For
- Write down the adjuster's name, company, license number and contact details.
- Be present at inspections and point out all damage, including interior water stains.
- Ask for the estimate and any engineer's report in writing.
- Before hiring a public adjuster, confirm their Texas license and read the fee agreement.
Common Questions
Does the insurance adjuster work for me?
No. A staff or independent adjuster represents the insurer. A public adjuster is the type that represents the policyholder.
Can I disagree with the adjuster's estimate?
Yes. You can submit your own contractor estimate and documentation, ask for a re-inspection, and, if the policy has one, use the appraisal clause for disputes over the amount of loss.
Sources
- Texas Department of Insurance
- Texas Insurance Code Chapter 542 (prompt payment of claims)
- Texas Insurance Code §4101.051 (adjuster license required)
Last updated October 14, 2026 · Primesure editorial team · How We Write